What is Probate? (And Why You Should Avoid It)

Think a simple Will protects your family? Wrong. A Will is actually a “one-way ticket” to Probate Court—a public, expensive, and slow legal nightmare. Here is why you want to opt-out.

BMT Legal Research Team BMT Legal Research Team · 📅 Jan 2026 · ⏱️ 5 min read · LEGAL › ESTATE
Cost
3% – 8%
Of Gross EstateHigh
Time
12 – 18 Mo
Assets FrozenSlow
Privacy
Zero
Public RecordWarning

Will vs. Trust: The Cost Difference

Many people skip creating a Trust to save $2,000 today, only to cost their family $30,000 later.

Factor Only a Will (Probate) Living Trust (No Probate)
Legal Fees High (Statutory %) None / Low
Time to Access 1+ Year Immediate
Privacy Public Record 100% Private
Control Judge Decides You Decide
“Statutory Fees”?
In states like California, probate lawyers are paid a fixed percentage of the Gross Estate value (not Net). If you own a $1M house with a $900k mortgage, the lawyer gets paid based on $1M (~$23k fee), even if you have no equity.
Erosion of $1M Estate
With Living Trust $1,000,000
Full value passes to heirs.
With Probate ~$950,000
$50k Lost to fees.
Time Delay 16 Months
Heirs wait for money.
Asset TypeProbate Risk
Real EstateHigh
Life InsuranceLow (if beneficiary named)

The 4 Stages of Probate Hell

It is not a quick meeting. It is a slow, bureaucratic slog.

Stage 1: Filing the Petition

Your Executor hires a lawyer to tell the court you died. The court “freezes” your assets so no one can steal them.

Stage 2: Notification & Inventory

The Executor must publish a notice in the newspaper (yes, really) for creditors to see. They then list every single spoon, car, and bank account you owned.

Stage 3: Paying Debts

Before your kids get a dime, Visa, Mastercard, and the IRS get paid first. If there isn’t enough cash, the court orders your house to be sold.

Stage 4: Distribution

Only after the judge stamps the final order (months later) can the remaining money be sent to your heirs.

How to Avoid Probate

You don’t need a trust for everything. Use these tools first.

  • Beneficiary Designations: For Bank Accounts (POD), Stocks (TOD), and Life Insurance. These bypass probate automatically.
  • Joint Tenancy: If you own a house with your spouse as “Joint Tenants with Right of Survivorship,” it goes to them automatically.
  • Revocable Living Trust: The ultimate shield. You transfer your house and big assets into the Trust. Since the “Trust” never dies, there is no probate.

Pro Tip: The “Funding” Mistake

Creating a Trust document is not enough. You must “Fund” it. This means going to the bank and county recorder to change the owner name from “John Doe” to “John Doe, Trustee of the Doe Family Trust.” If you forget this step, your assets remain in your personal name and will still go through probate!

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a “Small Estate” need probate?
Maybe not. Most states have a “Small Estate Affidavit” for estates under a certain limit (e.g., $184,500 in CA). If you have less than that and no real estate, you might skip full probate.
Is probate public?
Yes. Anyone can go to the courthouse and pull your file to see exactly how much money you had, who you owed, and who got your money. Scammers love probate records.