Solar Tax Credit Carryforward: Can I Use It Next Year?
You installed solar panels and earned a massive $10,000 tax credit. But what if you only owe the IRS $4,000 this year? Many homeowners panic, thinking they lose the remaining $6,000. Good news: You don’t. While the Residential Clean Energy Credit is “non-refundable” (you won’t get a check), the unused portion automatically carries forward to next year. Here is how to track your balance on Form 5695.
1. The Rule: Carryforward vs. Refundable
It is crucial to understand the difference between “losing money” and “waiting for money.”
Non-Refundable (Solar): The IRS fills your bucket only to the top. If you have extra credit, they put it in the freezer (Carryforward) for next year. It never spills over as cash.
2. How It Works (Calculation)
Let’s assume you installed a $30,000 system. Your 30% credit is $9,000.
| Year | Your Tax Bill (Liability) | Credit Used | Credit Remaining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | $4,000 | -$4,000 | $5,000 (Carries Forward) |
| Year 2 | $3,000 | -$3,000 | $2,000 (Carries Forward) |
| Year 3 | $5,000 | -$2,000 | $0 (Fully Used) |
3. Timeline: Filing the Carryforward
The credit does not move automatically. You must actively claim it.
| Tax Season | Form Action | Critical Step |
|---|---|---|
| Year 1 Filing | Form 5695 | |
| Year 1 Result | Line 16 | |
| Year 2 Filing | Re-File |
4. Strategy: Increasing Tax Liability
Since you can’t get a refund, make the IRS bill you more (strategically).
- The Problem: You have $10,000 in credits but only owe $2,000 in taxes. It will take 5 years to use the credit.
- The Fix (Roth Conversion): Convert pre-tax 401(k) or IRA money to a Roth IRA. This triggers a tax bill.
- The Magic: Normally, you’d pay tax on the conversion. But now, your “Solar Credit” pays the tax for you. You get tax-free Roth growth effectively for free.
5. Warning: Solar (25D) vs. Windows (25C)
Not all energy credits survive the New Year.
⛔ Windows Do Not Carry Forward
Confusing Section 25D (Solar) with Section 25C (Home Improvement) is costly.
- Solar / Battery (Sec 25D): Unused credit CARRIES FORWARD indefinitely (until used).
- Windows / HVAC (Sec 25C): Unused credit EXPIRES at midnight on Dec 31. If you don’t use it, you lose it forever.